Oberflächenanatomie
Lernziele
Nach dieser Lerneinheit:
- Kennst du die wichtigsten Oberflächenmerkmale auf der Vorder- und Rückseite des Körpers.
- Weißt du, wo genau die einzelnen Landmarken liegen und wie sie begrenzt werden.
Videos anschauen
Die Oberflächenanatomie dient der Beschreibung der Strukturen, die auf der Vorder- und Rückseite der Körperoberfläche sichtbar sind. Dies hilft dabei, innere Strukturen anhand ihrer auch nach außen sichtbaren Merkmale zu identifizieren und zu beschreiben. Dieses Wissen ist unerlässlich, um normale und pathologische Befunde im Rahmen der klinischen Untersuchung beurteilen zu können. Die meisten dieser Merkmale sind bei Frauen und Männern gleich ausgeprägt. Bei den Geschlechtsmerkmalen sind aber physiologischerweise geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede erkennbar.
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Anteriore Ansicht
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Posteriore Ansicht
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Zusammenfassung
| Arten von Oberflächen-merkmalen | Knöcherne Landmarken Weichteile Äußere Organe |
| Wichtige Landmarken von Kopf, Hals und Rumpf |
Anterior: Larynx, Musculus sternocleidomastoideus, Fossa supraclavicularis, Clavicula, Musculus pectoralis major, Incisura jugularis sterni, Sternum, Angulus sterni, Processus xiphoideus, Mamma, Areola mammae, Papilla mammaria, Arcus costalis, Musculus rectus abdominis, Linea alba, Linea semilunaris, Umbilicus, Mons pubis, Spina iliaca anterior superior, Ligamentum inguinale, Scrotum, Penis, Glans penis, Vulva Posterior: Protuberantia occipitalis externa, Vertebra prominens (C7), Musculus trapezius, Spina scapulae, Margo medialis scapulae, Angulus inferior scapulae, Musculus latissimus dorsi, Trigonum lumbale, Crista iliaca,Sspina iliaca posterior superior, Trigonum sacrale, Articulatio sacroiliaca, Regio analis |
| Wichtige Landmarken der oberen Extremität |
Anterior: Acromion, Musculus deltoideus, Musculus biceps brachii, Fossa cubitalis, Foveola radialis, Eminentia thenaris, Eminentia hypothenaris Posterior: Musculus triceps brachii, Olecranon |
| Wichtige Landmarken der unteren Extremität |
Anterior: Trigonum femorale, Musculus quadriceps femoris, Patella, Tuberositas tibiae, Musculus tibialis anterior, Malleolus lateralis, Malleolus medialis
Posterior: Regio glutea, Crena interglutea, Sulcus gluteus, Tractus iliotibialis, Ischiocrurale Muskulatur, Fossa poplitea, Musculus triceps surae, Tendo calcaneus |
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