Neurovasculature of the posterior mediastinum

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The mediastinum is a compartment located in the thoracic cavity, between the two pleural cavities. It is divided into the superior and inferior mediastinum. The inferior mediastinum is further divided into the anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum.

In this study unit, we will focus on the posterior mediastinum, an area located posterior to the pericardium and anteriorly to the vertebrae T5-T12. More specifically, we’ll look at the main arteries, veins, and nerves located in this compartment. Major vessels in the posterior mediastinum include the descending thoracic aorta and its branches, as well as the azygos venous system of veins. The main nerves of the posterior mediastinum include the right and left vagus nerves, the esophageal nerve plexus and the anterior and posterior vagal trunks. The sympathetic trunks and the thoracic splanchnic nerves, commonly described as part of the posterior mediastinum, are actually located a bit more laterally, on each side of the thoracic vertebral column.

Want to dig deeper into the neurovasculature of the posterior mediastinum? Check out the videos below!

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Browse atlas

Explore in detail the arteries and veins of the posterior mediastinum in the gallery below.

Take a closer look at the nerves of the posterior mediastinum in the gallery below.

Summary